Sacred Texts  Christianity  Early Church Fathers  Index  Previous  Next 

Homily LXX.

John xiii. 1

“Now before the feast of the Passover, when Jesus knew that His hour was come that He should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved His own which were in the world, He loved them unto the end.”

[1.] “ Be ye imitators of me,” said Paul, “as I also am of Christ.” ( 1 Cor. xi. 1 .) For on this account He took also flesh of our substance,  1955 that by means of it He might teach us virtue. For (“God sending His own Son) in the likeness of sinful flesh,” it saith, “and for sin condemned sin in the flesh.” ( Rom. viii. 3 .) And Christ Himself  1956 saith, “Learn of Me, for I am meek and lowly in heart.” ( Matt. xi. 29 .) And this He taught, not by words alone, but by actions also. For they called Him a Samaritan, and one that had a devil, and a deceiver, and cast stones at Him; and at one time the Pharisees sent servants to take  1957 Him, at another they sent plotters against Him; and they continued p. 255 also insulting Him themselves, and that when they had no fault to find, but were even being continually benefited. Still after such conduct He ceaseth not to do well to them both by words and deeds. And, when a certain domestic smote Him on the face, He said, “If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil, but if well, why smitest thou Me?” ( John 18.23 .) But this was to those who hated and plotted against Him. Let us see also what He doeth now towards the disciples, or rather what actions He now exhibiteth  1958 towards the traitor. The man whom most of all there was reason  1959 to hate, because being a disciple, having shared the table and the salt, having seen the miracles and been deemed worthy of such great things, he acted more grievously than any, not stoning indeed, nor insulting Him, but betraying and giving Him up, observe in how friendly sort He receiveth this man, washing his feet; for even in this way He desired to restrain him from that wickedness. Yet it was in His power, had He willed it, to have withered him like the fig-tree, to have cut him in two as He rent the rocks, to have cleft him asunder like the veil; but He would not lead him away from his design by compulsion, but by choice. Wherefore He washed his feet; and not even by this was that wretched and miserable man shamed.

“Before the feast of the Passover,” it saith, “Jesus knowing that His hour was come.” Not then “knowing,” but (it means) that He did what He did having “known” long ago. “That He should depart.” Magnificently  1960 the Evangelist calleth His death, “departure.” “Having loved His own, He loved them unto the end.” Seest thou how when about to leave them He showeth greater love? For the, “having loved, He loved them unto the end,” showeth that he omitted nothing of the things which it was likely that one who earnestly loved would do. Why, then did He not this from the beginning? He worketh  1961 the greatest things last, so as to render more intense their attachment, and to lay up for them beforehand much comfort, against the terrible things that were about to fall on them. St. John calls them “His own,” in respect of personal attachment, since he calls others also “His own,” in respect of the work of creation; as when he saith, “His own received Him not.” ( John 1.11 .) But what meaneth, “which were in the world”? Because the dead also were “His own,” Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and the men of that sort,  1962 but they were not in the world. Seest thou that He is the God both of the Old and New (Testament)? But what meaneth, “He loved them unto the end”? It stands for, “He continued loving them unceasingly,” and this the Evangelist mentions as a sure proof of great affection. Elsewhere indeed He spake of another (proof), the laying down life for His friends; but that had not yet come to pass. And wherefore did He this thing “now”? Because it was far more wonderful at a time when He appeared more glorious in the sight of all men. Besides, He left them no small consolation now that He was about to depart, for since they were going to be greatly grieved, He by these means introduceth also comfort to the grief.

John 13.2 . “And supper being ended, the devil having now put it into the heart of Judas  1963 to betray Him.”

This the Evangelist hath said  1964 amazed, showing that Jesus washed the man who had already chosen to betray Him. This also proves his great wickedness, that not even the having shared the salt restrained him, (a thing which is most able to restrain wickedness;) not the fact that even up to the last day, his Master continued to bear with him.  1965

John 13.3 . “Jesus knowing that the Father had given  1966 all things into His hands, and that He was come from God, and went to God.”

Here the Evangelist saith, even  1967 wondering, that one so great, so very great, who came from God and went to Him, who ruleth over all, did this thing, and disdained not even so to undertake such an action. And by the “giving over,” methinks St. John means the salvation of the faithful. For when He saith, “All things are given over  1968 to Me of My Father” ( Matt. xi. 27 ), He speaketh of this kind of giving over; as also in another place He saith, “Thine they were, and Thou gavest them Me” ( John 17.6 ); and again, “No man can come unto Me except the Father draw him” ( John 6.44 ); and, “Except it be given him from heaven.” ( John 3.27 .) The Evangelist then either means this, or that Christ would be nothing lessened by this action, since He came from God, and went to God, and possessed all things. But when thou hearest of “giving over,” understand it in no human sense, for it showeth how He honoreth the Father, and His unanimity with Him. For as the Father giveth over to Him, so He to the Father. And this Paul declares, saying, “When He shall have given over  1969 the kingdom to God, even the Father.” ( 1 Cor. xv. 24 .) But St. John hath said it here in a more human sense, showing His great care for them, and declaring His unutterable love, that He now cared for them as for His own; teaching them the mother of all good, even p. 256 humblemindedness, which He said was both the beginning and the end of virtue. And not without a reason is added the,  1970 “He came from God and went to God”: but that we may learn that He did what was worthy  1971 of One who came thence and went thither, trampling down all pride.

John 13.4 . “And having risen  1972 from supper, and laid aside His garments.”  1973

[2.] Observe how not by the washing only, but in another way also He exhibiteth humility. For it was not before reclining, but after they had all sat down, then He arose. In the next place, He doth not merely wash them, but doth so, putting off His garments. And He did not even stop here, but girded Himself with a towel. Nor was He satisfied with this, but Himself filled (the basin), and did not bid another fill it; He did all these things Himself, showing by all that we must do such things, when we are engaged in well doing, not merely for form’s sake,  1974 but with all zeal. Now He seemeth to me to have washed the feet of the traitor first from its saying,

John 13.5 . “He began to wash the disciples’ feet,”  1975 and adding,

John 13.6 . “Then cometh He to Simon Peter and Peter saith unto Him, Lord, dost Thou wash my feet?”

“With those hands,” he saith, “with which Thou hast opened eyes, and cleansed lepers, and raised the dead?” For this (question) is very emphatic; wherefore He needed not to have said any more than the, “Thou”; for even of itself this would have sufficed to convey the whole. Some one might reasonably enquire, how none of the others forbade Him, but Peter only, which was a mark of no slight love and reverence. What then is the cause? He seemeth to me to have washed the traitor first, then to have come to Peter, and that the others were afterwards instructed from his case.  1976 That He washed some one other before him is clear from its saying, “But when He came  1977 to Peter.” Yet the Evangelist is not a vehement accuser,  1978 for the “began,” is the expression of one implying this. And even if Peter were the first,  1979 yet it is probable that the traitor, being a forward person, had reclined even before the chief.  1980 For by another circumstance also his forwardness is shown, when He dippeth with his Master in the dish, and being convicted, feels no compunction; while Peter being rebuked but once on a former occasion, and for words which he spake from loving affection, was so abashed, that being even distressed and trembling, he begged another to ask a question. But Judas, though continually convicted, felt not. ( John 13.24 .) When therefore He came to Peter, he saith unto Him, “Lord, dost Thou wash my feet?”

John 13.7 . “He saith unto him, What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know here after.”

That is “thou shalt know how great is the gain from this, the profit of the lesson, and how it is able to guide us into all humblemindedness.” What then doth Peter? He still hinders Him, and saith,

John 13.8 . “Thou shalt never wash my feet.” “What doest thou, Peter? Rememberest thou not those former words? Saidst thou not, ‘Be merciful to Thyself,’  1981 and heardest thou not in return, ‘Get thee behind Me, Satan’? ( Matt. xvi. 22 .) Art thou not even so sobered, but art thou yet vehement?” “Yea,” he saith, “for what is being done is a great matter, and full of amazement.” Since then he did this from exceeding love, Christ in turn subdueth him by the same; and as there He effected this by sharply rebuking him, and saying, “Thou art an offense unto Me,” so here also by saying,

“If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with Me.” What then saith that hot and burning one?

John 13.9 . “Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head.”

Vehement in deprecation, he becometh yet more vehement in acquiescence; but both from love. For why said He not wherefore He did this, instead of adding a threat? Because Peter would not have been persuaded. For had He said, “Suffer it, for by this I persuade you to be humbleminded,” Peter would have promised it ten thousand times, in order that his Master might not do this thing. But now what saith He? He speaketh of that which Peter most feared and dreaded, the being separated from Him; for it is he who continually asks, “Whither goest Thou?” ( John 13.36 .) Wherefore also he said, “I will give  1982 even my life for Thee.” ( John 13.37 .) And if, after hearing, “What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know hereafter,” he still persisted, much more would he have done so had he learnt (the meaning of the action). Therefore said He, “but thou shalt know hereafter,” as being aware, that should he learn it immediately he would still resist. And Peter said not, “Tell me, that I may suffer Thee,” but (which was much more vehement) he did not even endure to learn, but withstands Him,  1983 p. 257 saying, “Thou shalt never wash my feet.” But as soon as He threatened, he straightway relaxed his tone. But what meaneth, “Thou shalt know after this”? “After this?” When? “When in My Name thou shalt have cast out devils; when thou shalt have seen Me taken up into Heaven, when thou shalt have learnt from the Spirit  1984 that I sit  1985 on His right hand, then shalt thou understand what is being done now.” What then saith Christ? When Peter said, “not my feet only, but also my hands and my head,” He replieth,

John 13:10, 11 . “He that is washed, needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit; and ye are clean,  1986 but not all. For He knew who should betray Him.”  1987

“And if they are clean, why washeth He  1988 their feet?” That we may learn to be modest.  1989 On which account He came not to any other part of the body, but to that which is considered more dishonorable than the rest. But what is, “He that is washed”? It is instead of, “he that is clean.” Were they then clean, who had not  1990 yet been delivered from their sins, nor deemed worthy of the Spirit, since sin still had the mastery, the handwriting of the curse still remaining, the victim not having yet been offered? How then calleth He them “clean”? That thou mayest not deem them clean, as delivered from their sins, He addeth,  1991 Behold, “ye are clean through the word that I have spoken unto you.” That is, “In this way ye are so far  1992 clean; ye have received the light, ye have been freed from Jewish error. For the Prophet also saith, ‘Wash you, make you clean, put away the wickedness from your souls’ ( Isa. i. 16 , LXX.); so that such a one is washed and is clean.” Since then these men had cast away all wickedness from their souls, and had companied with Him with a pure mind, therefore He saith according to the word of the Prophet, “he that is washed is clean already.” For in that place also It meaneth not the “washing” of water, practiced by the Jews; but the cleansing of the conscience.  1993

[3.] Be we then also clean; learn we to do well. But what is “well”?  “Judge for the fatherless, plead for the widow; and come, let us reason together, saith the Lord.” ( Isa. i. 7 .) There is frequent mention in the Scriptures of widows and orphans, but we make no account of this. Yet consider how great is the reward. “Though,” it saith, “your sins be as scarlet, I will whiten them as snow; though they be red like crimson, I will whiten them as wool.” For a widow is an unprotected being, therefore He  1994 taketh much care for her. For they, when it is even in their power to contract a second marriage, endure the hardships of widowhood through fear of God. Let us then all, both men and women, stretch forth our hands to them, that we may never undergo the sorrows of widow-hood; or if we should have to undergo them, let us lay up  1995 a great store of kindness for ourselves. Not small is the power of the widow’s tears, it is able to open heaven itself. Let us not then trample on them, nor make their calamity worse, but assist them by every means. If so we do, we shall put around  1996 ourselves much safety, both in the present life, and in that which is to come. For not here alone, but there also will they be our defenders, cutting away most of our sins by reason of our beneficence towards them, and causing us to stand boldly before the judgment-seat of Christ. Which  1997 may it come to pass that we all obtain, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.


Footnotes

254:1955

lit.our lump.

254:1956

al.and Himself.

254:1957

al.in order to kill.

255:1958

al.doeth.

255:1959

χρῆν

255:1960

al.magniloquently.

255:1961

al.added.

255:1962

οἱ κατ̓ ἐκείνους

255:1963

Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son,N.T.

255:1964

al.hath put in by the way.

255:1965

διαβαστάζοντα

255:1966

al.given over.

255:1967

al.either he saith this.

255:1968

E.V.delivered.

255:1969

delivered up,E.V.

256:1970

al.what then is added?

256:1971

al.went to God,that is, did what was worthy.

256:1972

ναστὰς ( γείρεται , G. T.).

256:1973

He riseth,&c.,and took a towel, and girded Himself.John 13.5 After that He poureth water into a basin. N.T.

256:1974

φοσιουμένους

256:1975

and to wipe them with the towel wherewith He was girded,N.T.

256:1976

π̓ ἐκείνου , al. π̓ ἐκ by him.

256:1977

He cometh therefore,οὐν , N.T.

256:1978

i.e. of Judas.

256:1979

i.e. in dignity.

256:1980

κορυφαίου

256:1981

that be far from Thee,E.V.

256:1982

lay down,N.T.

256:1983

al.Him again.

257:1984

Ben. and mss. Sav.the Father.

257:1985

Sav.He sitteth.

257:1986

al.clean through the word which I have spoken unto you(from John 15.3 ).

257:1987

Him, therefore said He, Ye are not all clean,N.T.

257:1988

al.washest thou.

257:1989

μετριάζειν

257:1990

al.yet they had not.

257:1991

from John 15.3

257:1992

τέως

257:1993

al.of the creation.

257:1994

or,It.

257:1995

al.but we shall not undergo them if we lay up.

257:1996

al.putting around.

257:1997

οὗ , al. ς ,which boldness.


Next: John 13