A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882] at sacred-texts.com
Psalms Chapter 4
On Neginoth, that is, stringed instruments, as the kind of musical accompaniment. On other parts of title, see Introduction., The historical occasion was probably the same as that of the foregoing [see on Psa 3:1]. The writer, praying for further relief, admonishes his enemies of the vanity of attacking God's servant, exhorts them to repentance, and avows his confidence and peace in God's favor. (Psa 4:1-8)
Hear--as in Psa 3:4.
God of my righteousness--or, "my righteous God, as my holy hill" (Psa 2:6), who will act towards me on righteous principles.
thou hast enlarged--expresses relief afforded in opposition to "distress," which is expressed by a word denoting straits or pressure. Past favor is a ground of hope for the future.
sons of men--men of note or prominence (compare Ch2 21:9).
turn my glory--or, "royal dignity."
into shame--or, "reproach."
vanity--a foolish and hopeless enterprise (Psa 2:1).
leasing--a lie.
godly--an object as well as subject of divine favor (compare Psa 105:14-15).
Stand in awe-- (Eph 4:26), from Septuagint, "be angry." Both clauses are qualified by "not."
Not only repent, but manifest penitence by sacrifices or righteousness or righteous sacrifices, &c.
Contrast true with vain confidence.
light of thy countenance upon us--figure for favor (Num 6:26; Psa 44:3; Psa 81:16).
corn and wine--literally, "new corn and wine."
increased--an abundant harvest giving great joy (Isa 9:3).
both lay me down, &c.--or, will lie down at once, and sleep in sure confidence and quiet repose (Psa 3:5).